endobj 22K. The buttress wall acts as the lateral load resistor while maintaining structural stability. Retaining Wall Design Calculations Excel Spreadsheet from CivilWeb. such a case counterforts having trapezoidal section fixed at the base slab are provided. Where used as integral basement walls they are often buttressed by return walls and floor diaphragms which may make them too stiff for active soil pressures to develop requiring higher design loads and a different design approach. The constructional professionals can use Abutment design spreadsheet to acquire design forces for abutment or. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF RETAINING WALLS 8. To make a study about the guidelines for the design of liquid retaining structure according to IS Code. Counterfort, Buttress and Flexible retaining walls are categorized into Rigid type and reinforced Earth, anchored Retaining Walls are categorized into Flexible type. The loads that are of primary concern are the lateral earth pressures induced by the retained soil. In our example, the calculations go as follows: wall height / block height = 30ft / 10in = 360in / 10in = 36 wall length / block length = 10ft / 15in = 120in / 15in = 8 number of retaining wall > blocks = 36 * 8 = 288 total cost of blocks = 5$ * 288 = 1,440$. diameter and spaced 75 mm apart. 4 FORCES ACTING ON RETAINING WALLS The design of a retaining wall must account for all applied loads. Experienced Civil Engineer with a demonstrated history of working in the civil engineering industry (detailed engineering design of run-of-the-river type hydropower project, communal irrigation system project, Stability Analysis of Concrete gravity Dam (Anchored and unanchored), Retaining walls (cantilever and Counterfort), slope stability of earth and rockfill dam project, feasibility. 6 H to 0. heel slab works out to be sufficiently large and the design becomes uneconomical. To know about the design philosophy for the safe and economical design of water tank. Coefficient of active earth pressure K a = (1 – sinφ)/ (1 + sinφ) = 0. tp; wy; Newsletters; ev; yo. However, retaining. Four Types of Concrete Retaining Walls The Concrete Network. Gravity retaining walls are constructed with mass concrete and they have massive volume as it required to maintain stability. Cantilever Retaining Wall. 77 m 1. 7:42 PM civil design Excel Sheets Foundation Design of Retaining Wall with Counterfort Retaining walls are usually built to hold back soil mass. Free Structural Design Software. However, retaining. 4 kN Area of steel required to resist the direct pull = 1. 50 KB. The following sections will give brief descriptions of design procedures for retaining walls. (4) Buttress Retaining Wall A buttress retaining wall is similar to the counterfort retaining wall as shown in Fig. 3 shows the design procedure of retaining wall works. Semi-Gravity retaining wall 3. Gravity retaining walls are constructed with mass concrete and they have massive volume as it required to maintain stability. Gravity wall-Masonry or Plain concrete 2. Log In My Account as. Log In My Account bq. A satisfactory retaining wall must meet the following requirements for ensuring its stability : (1). Structural Steel Design. Show Answer. Design the counterfort retaining wall. Feb 15, 2022 · 5$ per a retaining wall block, 2$ per a pound of gravel. Mar 3, 2022 · Counterfort, Buttress and Flexible retaining walls are categorized into Rigid type and reinforced Earth, anchored Retaining Walls are categorized into Flexible type. RE: reinforced concrete buttress design. Given the height, H of the retaining wall, we can assume or counter check our initial design considerations should at least. = 244 mm. It also shows comparative study such as. Download RCC Retaining Wall Design Spreadsheet for FREE. Calculate the lateral earth force acting on a retaining wall using the Rankine Formula. Dam Construction. The analysis and design of retaining walls includes the following subsequent: 1. GEO5 Spread Footing. a large database of georeinforcements of different production firms. For short unbraced RC wall, along with the above axial loa. Max: Min: 1. SIL211 MEKANIKA TANAH 3 2 3 DESIGN AND. Soil Slope is Greater Than Internal. There are a range of basement wall construction techniques, selection of the best one for your project is dependant upon: The soil conditions of your site: Is the soil. The present invention relates to a buttress shelf type retaining wall for preventing soil from being introduced from a slope surface to a road by being installed at the end of the slope. The design of retaining walls can be . d) Buttress retaining wall. 7 = 0. Feb 15, 2022 · Buttress retaining wall design excel sheet The spreadsheet comprises of tabs to figure out stability, momentand shear, reinforcement etc. The cost of a replacement wall could be on the order of $1,000 to $2,000 per foot plus the cost to repair any structure or paving adjacent to the wall. 18 Raft foundations are used for:. Buttress wall 1. Concrete Design. When the height of the retaining wall exceeds about 6 m, the thickness of the stem and. Retain soil (keep soil out of the building) Provide waterproofing (keep water out of the building) Support the vertical load of the structure itself if it has upper floor levels. Estimation of retaining wall is done for (i) RCC work which includes shuttering, centering and excludes reinforcement including bending of bars. Estimation of retaining wall is done for (i) RCC work which includes shuttering, centering and excludes reinforcement including bending of bars. A gravity retaining wall shown in fig 3 is the one in which the earth pressure exerted by the backfill is resisted by the deadweight of the wall, which is either made of masonry or of mass concrete. A buttress is a structure that is constructed up against or juts out from a wall to support or strengthen the wall. Stability is provided by the weight of structure and earth on an inner base or the weight of the structure only when the base is constructed externally. The thickness of cantilever slab is larger at the base of stem and it decreases gradually upwards due to reduction of soil pressure with decrease in depth. Theory RETAINING WALL In the design of retaining walls or other retaining structures, it is necessary to compute the lateral earth pressure exerted bythe retaining mass of soil. However, retaining walls can also be constructed. Flexural and shear stresses in gravity retaining walls will almost always be of minor importance. within the framework of the project “Geotechnical Design of the New Railway Alignment between the Existing Line and Kavala’s Port” located in Greece. Thickness of the wall = 300 mm. , angle of internal friction (Ø), Unit weight (λ d. 5 of h = 0. A superior quality retaining wall design spreadsheet contains . Structural Steel Design. Concrete Retaining Wall Design. Model of counterfort retaining wall on Staad Pro. analysis with preTension tension Steel design & SDS detailing Structural SEL-EnerCalc Engineering Library from EnerCalc Design of Retaining Walls of Cantilever, Counterfort or Buttress. Add to cart. d) Buttress retaining wall. Retaining wall design excel sheet Open and Download the excel sheet here. From a structural design standpoint, it is only the shape of the concrete inside the form, not the type of the ICF form, that is of importance. at intervals of 1. heel slab works out to be sufficiently large and the design becomes uneconomical. Design criteria The criteria for the design of a gravity retaining wall are:- • The base width (b) of the wall must be such that the maximum pressure exerted on the foundation soil does not exceed the SBC of the soil. Oasys Greta. This powerful design suite of spreadsheets is available to purchase at the bottom of this page for only £50 (65% saving). The CivilWeb Concrete Cantilever Retaining Wall Design Excel Spreadsheet works by analysing a proposed cantilever retaining wall design against three failure modes as specified in BS EN 1997. When the height of the retaining wall exceeds about 6 m, the thickness of the stem and. 5m Projection of toe = 0. meadow dog field. The total quantity of shuttering work and volume of concreting is calculated. Counter fort spacing is equal or slightly larger than half of the counter-fort height. We are going to neglect the effect of passive earth pressure on the retaining wall. Meyerhof bearing capacity calculator. GEO5 Spread Footing. This diagram portrays the basic loads acting on a gravity retaining wall system, like a crib wall (ignoring live load surcharges). Norfolk and Tasman Retaining Walls www. This data should indicate the constructed retaining wall will be at optimum height which the design has been optimized. heel slab works out to be sufficiently large and the design becomes uneconomical. Basement Wall design excel sheetSpreadsheet for Basement Wall design in excel. The analysis and design of retaining walls includes the following subsequent: 1. 333 x 19 kN/m 3 x 7m = 44. Bill of Quantity Excel Sheet; BBS Excel Sheet; Fineness Modulus Excel Sheet;. The average cost to build a retaining wall is $20 to $50 per square foot or $40 to $300 per linear foot. buttress wall design example. These failure modes are bearing failure of the soils underlying the cantilever retaining wall, overturning failure and sliding failure. This excel sheet upload in google drive. Foundation Engineering Chapter 8: Design and Analysis of Retaining Walls 6 8. Buttress Retaining Wall Design Example Pdf Reinforcement design example using water to. width of a beam is more than twice the thickness h of the beam, ACI 318-05, Section 11. This powerful design suite of spreadsheets is available to purchase at the bottom of this page for only £50 (65% saving). Cantilever retaining wall 4. In such a case counterforts having trapezoidal section fixed at the base slab are provided. View all files of Reinforced Concrete Design. 5 m Safe bearing capacity of the soil (P)= 200 . The soil behind the wall is well-drained sand with the following properties: - Density, γ soil= 2000 kg/m3= 20 kN/m3 - Angle of internal friction,ø= 30o The material under the wall has a. 1 presents a graphical solution to Equation 7. The shape of. The retaining wall is analysed based on soil pressure [2,9] and material properties [3,4] viz. When the height of the retaining wall exceeds about 6 m, the thickness of the stem and. Design of Retaining Wall with Counterfort Retaining walls are usually built to hold back soil mass. 486 Example Statement: The retaining wall Retaining walls shall be designed to withstand lateral earth and water pressure, effect of overload load, self-weight of. Where used as integral basement walls they are often buttressed by return walls and floor diaphragms which may make them too stiff for active soil pressures to develop requiring higher design loads and a different design approach. The CivilWeb Concrete Cantilever Retaining Wall Design XLS Spreadsheet removes all of the tedious detailed design calculations and completes them instantly for a specified cantilever retaining wall geometry. Feb 15, 2022 · 5$ per a retaining wall block, 2$ per a pound of gravel. Our content is updated every week so please sign. such a case counterforts having trapezoidal section fixed at the base slab are provided. The CivilWeb Concrete Cantilever Retaining Wall Design Excel Spreadsheet works by analysing a proposed cantilever retaining wall design against three failure modes as specified in BS EN 1997. Isolated Footing Design Example and Excel Sheet November 13th, 2014 - Isolated footing design example with step by step procedure and isolated footing design excel Isolated Footing Design Example and For the cantilever Common Retaining Walls About people tamu edu June 21st, 2018 - Common Retaining Walls Buttress Toe Heel Gravity or Semi gravity. 4 Raft, pile, pier and beam foundations. Experienced Civil Engineer with a demonstrated history of working in the civil engineering industry (detailed engineering design of run-of-the-river type hydropower project, communal irrigation system project, Stability Analysis of Concrete gravity Dam (Anchored and unanchored), Retaining walls (cantilever and Counterfort), slope stability of earth and rockfill dam project, feasibility. Too many forces are at work against a retaining wall that could cause it to tumble. This pressure tends to deflect the wall outward. GRAVITY RETAINING WALL The gravity wall resists the earths pressure exerted by backfill by its own self weight (dead load). What is Retaining Wall Design Calculations Excel. Reinforced Concrete Analysis and Design. - Click here to download ASDIP RETAIN free 15-day trial. This style of retaining wall can be found in places where there. Instead, it steps up from the bottom to the top with the base being its widest point and the top being the same width as the main wall. West Point Bridge Designer 2018 (Windows) Steel Connection Design EXCEL Spreadsheet. RetainWall is a software mainly designed for the purpose of designing a concrete or masonry retaining wall. View Notes - L+shaped+Reatining+WAll+with+H. The primary responsibility of proper. Under normal. Retaining Wall: ifgr-ftw. 95 m to 5. The MSE Wall program is used to analyze segmental retaining walls reinforced by georeinforcements. The Buttress. Earth pressure at the back of the wall (triangularly distributed) = 0. What is Retaining Wall Design Calculations Excel. Earth pressure at the back of the wall (triangularly distributed) = 0. The data of the retaining wall is shown below; Loads on counterfort retaining wall Design Data Height of wall from base = 7 m c/c Length of base = 4. As chairman of the Task Group, I would like to thank the authors, peer reviewers and members of the joint Task Force for working efficiently and effectively in producing these documents. 00 ₹499. RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVERTYPE) EXCEL SHEET 134,629 2 minutes read RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVERTYPE) MAX 6. This pressure tends to deflect the wall outward. Retaining wall labor costs $10 to $30 per square foot and material prices are $5 to $20 per square foot on average. It analisis the stability of the wall based on the loads and the resulting base. Bill of Quantity Excel Sheet; BBS Excel Sheet; Fineness Modulus Excel Sheet;. Design steps and procedure of counterfort retaining wall is explained in this video. Brick Work Calculation Excel Sheet Easy to use & calculate. Calculations should be supported with graphics. Dear All, I have an idea to collect and place in this web site all different Excel sheets for design of underground sump, over head tanks, retaining walls, staircases etc developed by different members so that all the. 036 6. Frame Retaining Wall Cantilever Piles I Vertical Sheet Piles 2. 4 Raft, pile, pier and beam foundations. In other words, the self-weight of the structure act as the counterweight to bear the applied. RCC Retaining wall design using etabs tutorial 17,482 views Premiered Sep 9, 2019 223 Dislike Share Engineering Learning Platform 16. Estimation of the primary dimensions of the wall, then these dimensions should be examined. Let's try a stem thickness of 12" and a footing thickness of 20". Figure 01: Gravity Retaining Wall (Source: Internet) In general, vertical and horizontal forces are acting on the retaining wall based on the ground conditions. . Clear cover for stem is 50mm and base slab is 75mm 5. Comprehensive Spread Sheet and user-friendly Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall as per ACI - 318 with the full calculation details and images. Structures, major Structures, minor Final clean up Complexity is technical difficulty or unusual project conditions Includes shaping/compacting. Wong Kwok. Estimation of the primary dimensions of the wall, then these dimensions should be examined. 5 m to 3 m. 5 m to 3 m. West Point Bridge Designer 2018 (Windows) Steel Connection Design EXCEL Spreadsheet. Brick Work Calculation Excel Sheet. 6 metre high wall is. Calculation Modules gt Foundations gt General Footing. This article will guide you through the process of building your own r. View all files of Reinforced Concrete Design. View all files of Reinforced Concrete Design. Shares: 248. at intervals of 1. Isolated Footing Design Example and Excel Sheet. Chapter 5 Footing Design Faculty of Engineering. View all files of Reinforced Concrete Design. 289 kN/m 2. It contains. A superior quality retainingwalldesignspreadsheet contains user-friendly interface & different options that can make the designprocess for retainingwallconsiderably easy. Spreadsheets are developed as computerized simulations of paper accounting worksheets. at intervals of 1. The buttress wall acts as the lateral load resistor while maintaining structural stability. Retaining Wall Design 10 Editionth A Design Guide for Earth Retaining Structures Contents at a glance: 1. Foundation Engineering Chapter 8: Design and Analysis of Retaining Walls 6 8. This document is a step-by-step design example of a typical counterfort retaining wall using ASDIP RETAIN. The MSE Wall program is used to analyze segmental retaining walls reinforced by georeinforcements. Buttressed Wall Chapter II Earth Retaining Systems October 29, 2009. Parts Of Retaining Wall Types of Retaining walls On the basis of shape & mode of resisting pressure due to backfill. This powerful design suite of spreadsheets is available to purchase at the bottom of this page for only £50 (65% saving). To add a retaining wall, you must first have a terrain perimeter on your plan. 82 crore+ enrollments 19. Mar 3, 2022 · Counterfort, Buttress and Flexible retaining walls are categorized into Rigid type and reinforced Earth, anchored Retaining Walls are categorized into Flexible type. Design of stair case with central stringer beam. Footing Design of Shear Wall per ACI 318 -14. Jose Antonio. Design of Retaining Wall Excel Sheet. Design of retaining wall by excel sheet. This powerful design suite of spreadsheets is available to purchase at the bottom of this page for only £50 (65% saving). A buttress wall is constructed as a part of the structure or complete for the structure as in structural and architectural requirements. different types of retaining wall should be detem1ined and the design needs to be optimized to provide the best rectification possible. As depth increases. For free wall excel web sections for clients in actuality, stone blocks. 2 m Assume thickness of vertical wall = 250 mm. In fact Aci 318-19 chapter 19 prescribes minimum strength of 2500 psi for structural concrete. Construction Retaining Wall Excel Spreadsheet. school, market, playground, highway, country park, etc)?. Pour the grout and ensure that all spaces are filled adequately with grout to produce the best possible bond in the wall. Counterfort, Buttress and Flexible retaining walls are categorized into Rigid type and reinforced Earth, anchored Retaining Walls are categorized into Flexible type. so it is proposed to provided piles under the base so that in an event of erosion of soil under the footing shall not render the retaining unsafe and leading to failure design basis for selection of pile configuration minimum pressure under base = maximum pressure under base = average pressure under base = width of base footing force / metre. buttress wall design example. View user's profile Send . This document is a step-by-step design example of a typical counterfort retaining wall using ASDIP RETAIN. drip-tip, waxy leaves c. August 20, 2013. download sticky notes, sexinpublic
Restrained Retaining Masonry Wall Design Spreadsheet. . Buttress retaining wall design excel sheet
Determine wall height and geometry. Under normal. Excel Sheets Templates Concrete retaining Wall design Spreadsheet. meadow dog field. c) Counter fort retaining wall. The design of rigid retaining wall either Cantilever or Counterfort or Buttress retaining wall is based on pressure exerted by the retaining material, wall slope, height, ease of construction and stability. Calculate the lateral earth force acting on a retaining wall using the Rankine Formula. The Excel spreadsheet program should contain enough data for choosing the most suitable plus economical retaining wall to be constructed. dgn: May-19:. Lateral Forces on Retaining WallsENCE 454 ©Assakkaf Design of Retaining Walls – The design of retaining wall must account for all applied loads. 5K subscribers Download link for retaining wall design. Gravity retaining wall (depends on its weight for resisting lateral earth force because it have a large weigh) 2. It acts as a gravity wall with the advantage of a quick. Characteristic strength of steel = 460 N/mm 2. 3 m Spacing of counterfort = 2. Estimation of retaining wall is done for (i) RCC work which includes shuttering, centering and excludes reinforcement including bending of bars. Under normal. Earth pressure at the back of the wall (triangularly distributed) = 0. Max: Min: 1. A wall should be supported in a ratio of 13:1 (length to thickness of wall). Retaining Wall Design Calculations Excel Sheet. Max: Min: 1. Download RCC Retaining Wall Design Spreadsheet for FREE. On liquid retaining face of members 115 150 On face of away from liquid for members less than 225mm 115 150 On face away from liquid for members 225mm or more in thickness 125 190. , angle of internal friction (Ø), Unit weight (λ d. Retaining Wall Calculator EXCEL Sheet. Just a big donut! Some of those big tanks were pretty awesome in the amount of concrete. Foundation Engineering Chapter 8: Design and Analysis of Retaining Walls 6 8. A buttress wall is constructed as a part of the structure or complete for the structure as in structural and architectural requirements. 5 Design Procedure for Sheet Piling Walls. • The excel sheet should be able to provide optimized wall thickness, depth of footing, toe and heel length and reinforcements of all the elements in the wall. Max: Min: 1. These failure modes are bearing failure of the soils underlying the cantilever retaining wall, overturning failure and sliding failure. There are 2 phases in the design of a retaining wall; The retaining wall is checked for stability: overturning, sliding and bearing capacity failures. Design of stair case with central stringer beam. Crib Retaining Wall. The unique analysis tools allow the designer to complete a fully compliant and optimised cantilever retaining wall design in minutes. It can also be used to find out pile force for abutments supported on piles. The CivilWeb Retaining Wall Design Calculations Excel Suite includes all 8 of our retaining wall design spreadsheets. In older structures, buttresses are a common feature to act as support against lateral forces. Open and Download the excel sheet here. diameter and spaced 75 mm apart. We are going to neglect the effect of passive earth pressure on the retaining wall. Integral abutments are used to eliminate expansion joints at the end of a bridge. 1(c) exempts such beams from the requirement of shear. Retaining walls are rigid wall structures that supporting soil laterally help so that it can maintain the surface of the ground at different elevations on either side of the structure. 0 MTR HEIGHT INCL COLUMN LOAD IN LINE Retaining walls are used in the construction of basement below ground level. Buttress retaining walls excel spreadsheet concrete. August 20, 2013. Crack Width Calculations Spreadsheet. Proper retaining wall design requires evaluation of the following: 1. Given the height, H of the retaining wall, we can assume or counter check our initial design considerations should at least according to the following geometric proportions: Base. The analysis and design of retaining walls includes the following subsequent: 1. smooth bark d. 333 x 19 kN/m 3 x 7m = 44. Drainage Backfill Retaining Wall Retaining Design Wall Retaining Wall Adhesive Do-it-yourself Retaining Walls Wood Retaining Wall Ideas River Retaining Wall Pch Retaining Wall Construction Wood Retaining Wall Screw Design Of Masonry Retaining Walls Lake Retaining Walls Tiered Retaining Wall Retaining Wall For Soil Building A Retaining Rock Wall. For example, in a reinforced concrete buttress dam, we have a concrete wall facing the reservoir and stiffener walls connecting the vertical wall and the foundation. Structural Steel Design. Brick Work Calculation Excel Sheet Easy to use & calculate. For short braced RC wall ( < 12), Pu= 0. DESIGN AND DETAILING OF COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL When the height of the retaining wall exceeds about 6 m, the thickness of the stem and heel slab works out to be sufficiently large and the design becomes uneconomical. Architecture House. Open and Download the excel sheet here. Architecture House. Concrete Box Culvert analysis and Design Spreadsheet (55,624) Russia-Japan railway bridge would let you travel from London to Tokyo (43,464) Box Culvert Design Spreadsheet (42,652) Top 10 Civil Engineering Blogs (24,612) Wind Load Calculator Excel Spreadsheet (13,921) Types and Causes of Concrete Deterioration (13,399). The CivilWeb Cantilever Retaining Wall Design Excel Spreadsheet is an advanced retaining wall design spreadsheet used for designing concrete cantilever retaining walls. Excel Sheets Home; Excel Spreadsheets Engineering; Learning Bloggs. (4) Buttress Retaining Wall A buttress retaining wall is similar to the counterfort retaining wall as shown in Fig. wall length / block length = 10ft / 15in = 120in / 15in = 8. 5 of h = 0. The spreadsheet calculates the stability and reinforcement requirements in accordance with BS EN 1997 and BS EN 1992. In this example we will design a cantilever sheet pile wall , supporting a 10 ft excavation. Retaining Structures. Brick Work Calculation Excel Sheet Easy to use & calculate. The direction in concern is called the out of plane direction and is perpendicular to the wall. Chapter 5 provides requirements for the assessment of design property. Excel Sheets Templates Concrete retaining Wall design Spreadsheet. As a rule of thumb, the footing length should be about 0. 7 H = 16 ft long, and about 1/4 should be the toe = 4 ft. 2 Cantilever wall Wall acts as a vertical cantilever. The MSE Wall program is used to analyze segmental retaining walls reinforced by georeinforcements. Steel reinforcement measurement: It’s carried out by making a bar bending schedule. The Excel spreadsheet program should contain enough data for choosing the most suitable plus economical retaining wall to be constructed. Chapter 5 Footing Design Faculty of Engineering. best www. Apr 8, 2020 · The data of the retaining wall is shown below; Loads on counterfort retaining wall Design Data Height of wall from base = 7 m c/c Length of base = 4. Dam Construction. 1 Possible modes of failure. Prinsip kerja dinding penahan tanah massa (gravity retaining wall) yaitu mengandalkan bobot massa dari badan konstruksinya sehingga tingkat kestabilan dari struktur dapat lebih. CategoryExcel Sheets Templates. When building a load bearing straw bale wall, you need to support the wall from falling over into the house or out of the house. Add to cart. dgn: May-19:. The fundamental requirement is that the wall is capable of holding the retained material in place without undue movement arising from deflection, overturning or sliding. Shares: 248. Likes: 496. Footing Design of Shear Wall per ACI 318 -14. 3 m Thickness of base = 0. (i) Stability analysis. Three Gorges Dam. gravity is constructed from the shaft. Counterfort Retaining Walls. between 4. 8 Des 2021. Design of Slab(Two Way). Thus final horizontal design moment = M-Tx. Buttress retaining wall design excel sheet The spreadsheet comprises of tabs to figure out stability, momentand shear, reinforcement etc. Following are some of commen types of retaining walls (Fig) Gravity walls Cantilever retaining walls a. For free wall excel web sections for clients in actuality, stone blocks. Theory RETAINING WALL In the design of retaining walls or other retaining structures, it is necessary to compute the lateral earth pressure exerted bythe retaining mass of soil. The primary responsibility of proper. all alpha pokemon legends arceus Gravity Retaining Wall. 6 metre high wall is. There are the following parts of the counterfort retaining wall as given below; Stem Toe Slab Heel Slab & Counterforts Design of Stem: As a continuous slab, the stem acts, and soil pressure acts as the load on the slab. . summit fishing transducer pole review